铁掺杂纳米二氧化钛溶胶的制备及性能研究

文章采用一种简单的方法于低温条件下制备出掺铁纳米TiO2溶胶。通过在可见光条件下对吖啶橙的光催化降解,对掺铁纳米TiO2溶胶和纳米TiO2溶胶的光催化活性进行了研究比较,结果表明掺铁纳米TiO2溶胶的光催化活性较高,铁的掺杂量为1%时光降解效果较好。     

Particle concentration effect in adsorption/desorption of Zn（Ⅱ） on anatase type nano TiO2

Adsorption/desorption in a new Zn(II)-TiO2 adsorption system was investigated at different particle concentrations (Cp). TEM, SEM and XRD analyses revealed that the TiO2 particles were an aggregation of nano-sized (approximately 10 nm) pure anatase-type TiO2. Adsorption experiments were carried out with particle concentrations of 100, 400 and 1000 mg/L, and their adsorption isotherms were found to decline successively, showing an obvious Cp effect. Desorption experiments indicated that adsorption in this system was irreversible, and the irreversibility increased with increasing Cp. These phenomena could be explained by the MEA (metastable equilibrium adsorption) theory and the Cp effect could be modeled well with an MEA-Freundlich-type Cp effect isotherm equation. This study may help understand environmental behavior of contaminants on ultrafine natural particles.     

负载型纳米铁吸附剂去除饮用水中As(Ⅴ)的研究

以活性炭为载体制备了一种负载型纳米铁吸附剂.纳米铁在活性炭孔内为针状,其直径为30～500 nm,长度为1 000～3 000 nm,载入量[m(Fe)/m(炭)]为82.1 mg/g.用1.5 g/L该吸附剂对pH 6.5、 (25±2)℃、 2 mg/L的As(Ⅴ)进行吸附其去除率为99.5%,在平衡浓度1.0 mg/L时,该吸附剂对As(Ⅴ)的吸附容量为15.4 mg/g;吸附速度较快,12 h可达91.4%,72 h达到吸附平衡.吸附过程可由孔内扩散模型较好地说明.除PO_4~(3-)、SiO_4~(2-)外其它常见阴阳离子均对As(Ⅴ)的去除影响不大.吸附剂可以用0.1 mol/L NaOH溶液再生,再生效率较高.实验室初步实验数据表明,该吸附剂对饮用水砷去除具有较好的应用前景.     

假单胞菌MBR还原钛(Ⅳ)合成钛纳米粒子

研究了一株假单胞菌MBR(Pseudomonas sp.MBR)在好氧环境下,以有机碳源为电子供体,将氟钛酸盐还原为钛单质的特性及影响还原的因素.结果表明,该菌还原氟钛酸盐初始浓度范围为0.5~8.0 mmol/L,最适pH值为7.0,柠檬酸钠为最佳碳源供给物,并且在电子供体和钛的摩尔比为100:1时还原效果最好.扫描电子显微镜和透射电子显微镜观察显示加氟钛酸盐后细胞的形态并没有发生变化,还原的Ti单质以纳米粒子形式积累在细胞内.     

Effects of nano carbon black and single-layer graphene oxide on settlement,survival and swimming behaviour of Amphibalanus amphitrite larvae

The effects of two carbon-based nanomaterials, nano-sized carbon black (nCB), and single-layer graphene oxide (GO) on settlement of Amphibalanus amphitrite (Cirripedia, Crustacea) cypris larvae (cyprids) were assessed after 24, 48, and 72 h of exposure. Additionally, the effects of these nanomaterials on the mortality and swimming behaviour of the nauplius larvae (nauplii) of the same organism were determined after 24 and 48 h. The data indicate that nCB is more effective as a potential antisettlement agent than single-layer GO; moreover, nCB did not show any adverse effects on the larvae. The swimming behaviour of II stage nauplii of A. amphitrite exposed to a suspension of nCB was inhibited only at very high nCB concentrations (≥0.5 mg/mL). Single-layer GO, on the contrary, showed lower antisettlement effects and was more active in altering the survival and inhibiting the swimming behaviour of the nauplii. An indication of the toxic or non-toxic mechanisms of the antisettlement properties of both of these nanomaterials is provided by the reversibility of the antisettlement activity. In conclusion, we propose nCB as an innovative antifouling nanomaterial that shows low toxicity towards the model organism (crustaceans) used in this study.     

纳米铁酸盐光催化剂的制备及其在废水处理中的应用综述

概括了纳米铁酸盐(以ZnFe2O4和BiFeO3为代表)光催化剂的制备方法;综述了其在废水处理中的应用现状;讨论了催化反应中铁酸盐的特性及工艺条件(初始反应p H、初始污染物浓度、H2O2的加入等)对有机污染物降解率的影响;介绍了光助-类Fenton氧化反应的机理;对纳米铁酸盐在废水处理应用中存在的问题进行了总结,并对今后的研究方向进行了展望。     

用含锌废催化剂制备纳米氧化锌

以含锌废催化剂为原料，经酸浸、除杂、锌粉置换、合成等工艺制得碱式碳酸锌，再经过滤、洗涤、干燥、煅烧制备纳米氧化锌。考察了酸浸工艺硫酸溶液含量和液固比（硫酸与含锌废催化剂的质量比）对锌浸出率的影响，以及煅烧温度对纳米氧化锌质量的影响。实验结果表明：在硫酸质量分数为30%、液固比为5的最佳酸浸工艺条件下，锌浸出率为92%；在最佳煅烧温度为400 ℃的条件下，氧化锌质量分数大于95%，比表面积大于50 m²/g；纳米氧化锌颗粒大小均匀，平均粒径小于50 nm。     

Mn-N/TiO_2光催化剂的制备及甲基橙的降解

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了新型Mn-N共掺杂纳米TiO_2复合光催化剂(Mn-N/TiO_2),采用EDX,SEM,UV-Vis,XRD技术对其进行了表征,并将其用于水中甲基橙的可见光催化降解,考察了制备条件对其光催化性能的影响。表征结果显示:Mn-N/TiO_2光催化剂的粒径约为25 nm,且分散性较好;Mn-N共掺杂可增强TiO_2在可见光区域的吸收。实验结果表明:Mn-N/TiO_2的最佳制备条件为硝酸锰、尿素、无水乙醇、冰醋酸与钛酸四丁酯的摩尔比分别为0.000 6,0.24,10,6,焙烧温度400℃;采用最佳条件下制得的Mn-N/TiO_2于可见光下催化处理初始质量浓度为60 mg/L的甲基橙溶液60 min,甲基橙的降解率达92%。     

纳米二氧化钛光催化氧化油田采出水中萘和芴的影响因素分析

利用纳米二氧化钛光催化氧化技术,分析了不同影响因素UV波长(UVA 365 nm、UVB 308 nm和UVC 254nm)、温度、p H、催化剂(Ti O2)、抑制剂(Bu OH)和氧化剂(O2、H2O2和O3)对油田采出水中多环芳烃萘和芴降解效率的影响,并进一步优化出单因子的最佳条件。实验结果表明,各因素对萘和芴降解有不同的影响,但其效果都随波长减小和酸度降低而得到增强。当其他条件为一致最优时(T=90℃,Ti O2=0.5 g/L和Bu OH=0.03 mol),当H2O2=0.01 mol或O2=30 m L/min时,萘的降解率最高,而当H2O2=0.1 mol或O3=30 m L/min对芴的降解效果最好。     

高梯度磁分离技术在水处理中的应用及发展

高梯度磁分离技术是一种新型的水处理技术,目前已经得到了大量应用,具有广阔的应用前景。本文介绍了它的基本原理,综述了该技术在水处理中的应用现状,并做出了展望。